Evaluation of the Main Potentially Toxic Elements and Bioindicator Organisms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2024v13i4.p279-295Palabras clave:
living organisms, emerging compounds, environmentResumen
Environmental quality is a recurring concern in the area of public health, as the presence of contaminants can cause changes in the environment and affect human life. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a bibliographical survey of an exploratory/descriptive nature, through the Science Direct platform, carrying out a screening in order to highlight the main, potentially toxic compounds (EPTs) and bioindicator organisms used in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analyses. , developed through a review using the following keywords “Potentially Toxic Elements, Toxicity, Genotoxicity, Water Bodies, Aquatic Ecosystem” with a time frame between 2013 and 2023. Some inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for the selection of articles. Based on the panorama of publications analyzed, around 82% are restricted access and only 18% are open access and there was also a gradual and significant increase in the number of articles published, in the period from 2013 to 2023. During the screening, they were identified several toxic compounds, including heavy metals; medicines; anticorrosives; particulate materials; dyes and microplastics. When evaluating the diversity of organisms used as bioindicators, it is possible to observe the use of fish 36.6%, followed by 8.4% of mussels and only 7% of microorganisms, followed by plants and humans 5.6% respectively. The results of this study highlight the wide diversity of bioindicators and the worrying presence of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in the environment, which highlights the importance of studies aimed at these compounds. The main organisms used as bioindicators were fish, mussels and microorganisms, plants and human beings. The use of living organisms as bioindicators has potential for environmental management and monitoring due to their versatility in detecting Potentially Toxic Elements, proving to be a valuable green tool to be used in toxicological studies.
Citas
Ali, D, Almarzoug, MH, Al Ali, H, Samdani, MS, Hussain, SA, Alarifi, S. 2020. Fish as bio indicators to determine the effects of pollution in river by using the micronucleus and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 32(6):2880-2885.
Antoniadis, V, Shaheen, SM, Boersch, J, Frohne, T, Du Laing, G, Rinklebe, J 2017. Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany. Journal of environmental management, 186:192-200.
Badmus, SO, Amusa, HK, Oyehan, TA, Saleh, TA 2021. Environmental risks and toxicity of surfactants: Overview of analysis, assessment, and remediation techniques. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28:62085–62104.
Barros, JC, Silva, SN 2023. Perfil de utilização de psicofármacos durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 26:e230059.
Brtnicky, M, Datta, R, Holatko, J, Bielska, L, Gusiatin, ZM, Kucerik, J, Hammerschmiedt, T, Danish, S, Radziemska, M, Mravcova, L, Fahad, S, Kintl, A, Sudoma, M, Ahmed, N, Pecina, V 2021. A critical review of the possible adverse effects of biochar in the soil environment. Science of the Total Environment, 796:148756.
Caballero-Gallardo, K, Alcala-Orozco, M, Barraza-Quiroz, D, De la Rosa, J, Olivero-Verbel, J 2020. Environmental risks associated with trace elements in sediments from Cartagena Bay, an industrialized site at the Caribbean. Chemosphere, 242:125173.
Calao-Ramos, C, Gaviria-Angulo, D, Marrugo-Negrete, J, Calderón-Rangel, A, Guzmán-Terán, C, Martínez-Bravo, C, Mattar, S 2021. Bats are an excellent sentinel model for the detection of genotoxic agents. Study in a Colombian Caribbean region. Acta Tropica, 224:106141.
Cardoso, RS, Barboza, CA, Skinner, VB, Cabrini, TM 2016. Crustaceans as ecological indicators of metropolitan sandy beaches health. Ecological Indicators, 62:154-162.
Carlson, HK, Price, MN, Callaghan, M, Aaring, A, Chakraborty, R, Liu, H, Kuehl JV, Arkin, AP, Deutschbauer, AM 2019. The selective pressures on the microbial community in a metal-contaminated aquifer. The ISME Journal, 13(4):937-949.
Córdoba-Tovar, L, Marrugo-Negrete, J, Barón, PR, Díez, S 2022. Drivers of biomagnification of Hg, As and Se in aquatic food webs: A review. Environmental Research, 204:112226.
Chen, H, Wang, P, Du, Z, Wang, G, Gao, S 2018. Oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) induced by tris (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate. Aquatic Toxicology, 194:37-45.
Chen, R, Chen, H, Song, L, Yao, Z, Meng, F, Teng, Y 2019. Characterization and source apportionment of heavy metals in the sediments of Lake Tai (China) and its surrounding soils. Science of the Total Environment, 694:133819.
Chowdhury, S, Dubey, VK, Choudhury, S, Das, A, Jeengar, D, Sujatha, B, Kumar, A, Kumar, N, Semwal, A, Kumar, V 2023. Insects as bioindicator: A hidden gem for environmental monitoring. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11:273.
Conceição, KC, Villamar-Ayala, CA, Plaza-Garrido, A, Toledo-Neira, C 2023. Seasonal behavior of pharmaceuticals and personal care products within Chilean rural WWTPs under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(5):110984.
Corradini, F, Casado, F, Leiva, V, Huerta-Lwanga, E, Geissen, V 2021. Microplastics occurrence and frequency in soils under different land uses on a regional scale. Science of the Total Environment, 752:141917.
Cruz-Esquivel, Á, Díez, S, Marrugo-Negrete, JL 2023. Genotoxicity effects in freshwater fish species associated with gold mining activities in tropical aquatic ecosystems. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 253:114670.
Da Silva, EP, Benvindo-Souza, M, Cotrim, CFC, Motta, AGC, Lucena, MM, Antoniosi Filho, NR, Pereira, J, Formiga, KTM, Silva, DM 2020. Genotoxic effect of heavy metals on Astyanax lacustris in an urban stream. Heliyon, 6(9).
D’Almeida, FS, de Carvalho, RB, dos Santos, FS, de Souza, RFM 2022. On the hibernating electronic waste in Rio de Janeiro higher education community: An assessment of population behavior analysis and economic potential. Sustainability, 13(16):9181.
Daskalova, AV, Tomova, AA, Kujumdzieva, AV, Velkova, LG, Dolashka, PA, Petrova, VY 2021. Menadione and hydrogen peroxide trigger specific alterations in RNA polymerases profiles in quiescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 35(1):1190-1199.
De Andrade, HN, De Oliveira, JF, Siniscalchi, LAB, Da Costa, JD, Fia, R 2024. Global insight into the occurrence, treatment technologies and ecological risk of emerging contaminants in sanitary sewers: Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. Science of The Total Environment, 921:171075.
Dias, P, Palomero, J, Cenci, MP, Scarazzato, T, Bernardes, AM 2022. Electronic waste in Brazil: Generation, collection, recycling and the covid pandemic. Cleaner Waste Systems, 3:100022.
Dos Santos, SL, Viana, LF, Merey, FM, do Amaral Crispim, B, Solorzano, JC, Barufatti, A, Cardoso, CAL, Lima-Junior, SE 2020. Evaluation of the water quality in a conservation unit in Central-West Brazil: Metals concentrations and genotoxicity in situ. Chemosphere, 251:126365.
Echeverri-Jaramillo, G, Jaramillo-Colorado, B, Junca, H, Consuegra-Mayor, C 2022. Towards the development of microbial ecotoxicology testing using chlorpyrifos contaminated sediments and marine yeast isolates as a model. Microorganisms, 10(10):1-15.
Eriksen, M, Lebreton, LC, Carson, HS, Thiel, M, Moore, CJ, Borerro, JC, Galgani, F, Ryan, PG, Reisser, J 2014. Plastic pollution in the world's oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea. PloS one, 9(12), e111913.
Feng, G, Xie, T, Wang, X, Bai, J, Tang, L, Zhao, H, Wei, W, Wang, M, Zhao, Y 2018. Metagenomic analysis of microbial community and function involved in Cd-contaminated soil. BMC Microbiology, 18:1-13.
Forti, V, Balde, CP, Kuehr, R, Bel, G 2020. The Global E-waste Monitor 2020: Quantities, flows and the circular economy potential, 120.
Gourmelon, V, Maggia, L, Powell, JR, Gigante, S, Hortal, S, Gueunier, C, Letellier, K, Carriconde, F 2016. Environmental and geographical factors structure soil microbial diversity in New Caledonian ultramafic substrates: a metagenomic approach. Plos one,11(12):e0167405.
Hayes, KA, Burks, RL, Castro-Vazquez, A, Darby, PC, Heras, H, Martín, PR, Qiu, JW, Thiengo, SC, Vega, IA, Wada, T, Yusa, Y, Burela, S, Cadierno, MP, Cueto, JA, Dellagnola, FA, Dreon,MS, Frassa, MV, Giraud-Billoud, M, Godoy, MS, Ituarte, S, Koch, E, Matsukura, K, Pasquevich, MY, Rodriguez, C, Saveanu, L, Seuffert, ME, Strong, EE, Sun, J, Tamburi, NE, Tiecher, MJ, Turner, RL, Valentine-Darby, PL, Cowie, RH 2015. Insights from an integrated view of the biology of apple snails (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae). Malacologia, 58(1–2):245-302.
Hori, Y, Engel, C, Kobayashi, T 2023. Regulation of ribosomal RNA gene copy number, transcription and nucleolus organization in eukaryotes. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 24(6):414-429.
Iftikhar, N, Zafar, R, Hashmi, I 2022. Multi-biomarkers approach to determine the toxicological impacts of sulfamethoxazole antibiotic on freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 233:113331.
Islam, N, Dihingia, A, Khare, P, Saikia, BK 2020. Atmospheric particulate matters in an Indian urban area: Health implications from potentially hazardous elements, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 384: 121472.
Jaskuła, J, Sojka, M 2022. Assessment of spatial distribution of sediment contamination with heavy metals in the two biggest rivers in Poland. Catena, 211: 105959.
Javed, M, Usmani, N 2019. An overview of the adverse effects of heavy metal contamination on fish health. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 89:389-403.
Jiang, B, Adebayo, A. Jia, J, Xing, Y, Deng, S, Guo, L, Liang, Y, Zhang, D 2019. Impacts of heavy metals and soil properties at a Nigerian e-waste site on soil microbial community. Journal of hazardous materials, 362:187-195.
Jiang, X, Jiang, X, Yang, Y, Wang, Q, Liu, N, Li, M 2022. Seasonal variations and feedback from microplastics and cadmium on soil organisms in agricultural fields. Environment International, 161:107096.
Juma, RR, Salum, NS, Tairova, Z, Strand, J, Bakari, SS, Sheikh, MA 2018. Potential of Periophthalmus sobrinus and Siganus sutor as bioindicator fish species for PAH pollution in tropical waters. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 18, 170-176.
Kimbell, L K, LaMartina, EL, Kohls, S, Wang, Y, Newton, RJ, McNamara, PJ 2023. Impact of corrosion inhibitors on antibiotic resistance, metal resistance, and microbial communities in drinking water. Msphere, 8(5):e00307-23.
Kortei, NK, Heymann, ME, Essuman, EK, Kpodo, FM, Akonor, PT, Lokpo, SY, Boady NO, Ayim-Aconor, M, Tettey, C 2020. Health risk assessment and levels of toxic metals in fishes (Oreochromis noliticus and Clarias anguillaris) from Ankobrah and Pra basins: Impact of illegal mining activities on food safety. Toxicology Reports, 7:360-369.
Kumari, B, Kumar, V, Sinha, AK, Ahsan, J, Ghosh, AK, Wang, H, DeBoeck, G 2017. Toxicology of arsenic in fish and aquatic systems. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 15:43-64.
Kuroda, K, Li, C, Dhangar, K, Kumar, M 2021. Predicted occurrence, ecotoxicological risk and environmentally acquired resistance of antiviral drugs associated with COVID-19 in environmental waters. Science of the Total Environment, 776:145740.
Lew, S, Glińska-Lewczuk, K 2018. Environmental controls on the abundance of methanotrophs and methanogens in peat bog lakes. Science of the total environment, 645:1201-1211.
Li, X, Zhao, B, Luo, L, Zhou, Y, Lai, D, Luan, T 2022. In vitro immunotoxicity detection for environmental pollutants: Current techniques and future perspectives. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 158:116901.
Marques, F 2022. Produção científica sobre Covid-19 afeta o equilíbrio da geração de conhecimento. Disponível em: https://revistapesquisa.fapesp .br/producao-cientifica-sobre-covid-19-afeta-o-equilibrio-da-geracao-de-conhecimento/. Acesso em: 11 de março de 2024.
Martins-Gomes, C, Silva, TL, Andreani, T, Silva, AM 2022. Glyphosate vs. glyphosate-based herbicides exposure: A review on their toxicity. Journal of Xenobiotics, 12(1):21-40.
Moghanm, FS, El-Banna, A, El-Esawi, MA, Abdel-Daim, MM, Mosa, A, Abdelaal, KA 2020. Genotoxic and anatomical deteriorations associated with potentially toxic elements accumulation in water hyacinth grown in drainage water resources. Sustainability, 12(5):2147.
Moreira, LB, Sasaki, ST, Taniguchi, S, Peres, TF, Figueira, RCL, Bícego, MC, Martins, RV, Costa-Lotufo, LV, Abessa, DMS 2020. Biomarkers responses of the clam Anomalocardia flexuosa in sediment toxicity bioassays using dredged materials from a semi-arid coastal system. Heliyon, 6(5):1-11.
Morozesk, M, Da Costa Souza, I, Fernandes, MN, Soares, DCF 2021. Airborne particulate matter in an iron mining city: Characterization, cell uptake and cytotoxicity effects of nanoparticles from PM2.5, PM10 and PM20 on human lung cells. Environmental Advances, 6:100125.
Nabgan, W, Jalil, AA, Nabgan, B, Ikram, M, Ali, MW, Lakshminarayana, P 2022. A state of the art overview of carbon-based composites applications for detecting and eliminating pharmaceuticals containing wastewater. Chemosphere, 288: 132535.
Nielsen, J 2019. Yeast systems biology: Model organism and cell factory. Biotechnology Journal, 14(9):1800421.
Økelsrud, A, Lydersen, E, Fjeld, E 2016. Biomagnification of mercury and selenium in two lakes in southern Norway. Science of the Total Environment, 566: 596-607.
Öz, N, Kadizade, G, Yurtsever, M 2019. Investigation of heavy metal adsorption on microplastics. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(4):7301-7310.
Park, S, Allen, RJ, Lim, C-H 2020. A likely increase in fine particulate matter and premature mortality under future climate change. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 13:143-151.
Prunicki, M, Cauwenberghs, N, Lee, J, Zhou, X, Movassagh, H, Noth, E, Lurmann, F, Hammond, SK, Balmes, JR, Desai, M, WU, JC, Nadeau, KC 2021. Air pollution exposure is linked with methylation of immunoregulatory genes, altered immune cell profiles, and increased blood pressure in children. Scientific reports, 11(1):4067.
Rajesh, R, Kanakadhurga, D, Prabaharan, N 2022. Electronic waste: A critical assessment on the unimaginable growing pollutant, legislations and environmental impacts. Environmental Challenges, 7:100507.
Rajput, R, Rinki, Nigam, NA 2021. An overview of E-waste, its management practices and legislations in present Indian context. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1):34-41.
Rani, GM, Sonu, Pathania, D, Abhimanyu, Umapathi, R, Rustagi, S, Huh, YS, Gupta, VK, Kaushik, A, Chaudhary, V 2023. Agro-waste to sustainable energy: A green strategy of converting agricultural waste to nano-enabled energy applications. Science of The Total Environment, 875:162667.
Raza, T, Rasool, B, Asrar, M, Manzoor, M, Javed, Z, Jabeen, F, Younis, T 2023. Exploration of polyacrylamide microplastics and evaluation of their toxicity on multiple parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 30(2):103518.
Ribeiro, OMR, Pinto, MQP, Ribeiro, C, Tiritan, ME, Carrola, JSC 2021. A dáfnia como sensor da ecotoxicidade. Revista de Ciência Elementar, 9(02):044.
Roda, E, Bottone, MG, Biggiogera, M, Milanesi, G, Coccini, T 2019. Pulmonary and hepatic effects after low dose exposure to nanosilver: Early and long-lasting histological and ultrastructural alterations in rat. Toxicology reports, 6:1047-1060.
Saad, AA, El-Sikaily, AM, El-Badawi, ES, El-Sawaf, GA, Shaheen, NE, Omar, M M, Zakaria, MA 2016. Relation between some environmental pollutants and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9:S787-S794.
Sagova-Mareckova, M, Boenigk, J, Bouchez, A, Cermakova, K, Chonova, T, Cordier, T, Eisendle, U, Elersek, T, Fazi, S, Fleituch, T, Frühe, L, Gajdosova, M, Graupner, N, Haegerbaeumer, A, Kelly, A-M, Kopecky, J, Leese, F, Nõges, P, Orlic, S, Panksep, K, Pawlowski, J, Petrusek, A, Piggott, JJ, Rusch, JC, Salis, R, Schenk, J, Simek, K, Stovicek, A, Strand, DA, Vasquez, MI, Vralstad, T, Zlatkovic, S, Zupancic, M, Stoeck, T, Stoeck, T 2021. Expanding ecological assessment by integrating microorganisms into routine freshwater biomonitoring. Water Research, 191:116767.
Saha, G; Chandrasekaran, N 2024. A combined toxicological impact on Artemia salina caused by the presence of dust particles, microplastics from cosmetics, and paracetamol. Environmental Pollution, 348:123822.
Sarabia, DT, Mueller, LP, Santos, Mascarenhas do SM, Batistote, M 2021. Physiological response to the action of the agrotoxic 2,4-Dichlorophenoxiacetic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Research, Society and Development, 11:e408101119912.
Saravanan, A, Karishma, S, Kumar, PS, Varjani, S, Yaashikaa, PR, Jeevanantham, S, Ramamurthy, R, Reshma, B 2021. Simultaneous removal of Cu (II) and reactive green 6 dye from wastewater using immobilized mixed fungal biomass and its recovery. Chemosphere, 271:129519.
Sarkar, DJ, Sarkar, SD, Das, BK, Sahoo, BK, Das, A, Nag, SK, Manna, RK, Behera, BK, Samanta, S 2021. Occurrence, fate and removal of microplastics as heavy metal vector in natural wastewater treatment wetland system. Water research, 192:116853.
Schlacher, TA, Lucrezi, S, Connolly, RM, Peterson, CH, Gilby, BL, Maslo, B, Olds, AD, Walker, SJ, Leon, JX, Huijbers, CM, Weston, MA, Turra, A, Hyndes, GA, Holt, RA, Schoeman, DS 2016. Human threats to sandy beaches: A meta-analysis of ghost crabs illustrates global anthropogenic impacts. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 169:56-73.
Semedo, M, Song, B 2019. From genes to nitrogen removal: determining the impacts of poultry industry wastewater on tidal creek denitrification. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(1):146-157.
Shahi Khalaf Ansar, B, Kavusi, E, Dehghanian, Z, Pandey, J, Asgari Lajayer, B, Price, GW, Astatkie, T 2023. Removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from the air, soil, and water by algae. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(55):116538-116566.
Sun, Y, Yu, IKM, Tsang, DCW, Cao, X, Lin, D, Wang, L, Graham, NJD, Alessi, DS, Komárek, M, Ok, YS, Feng, Y, Li, XD 2019. Multifunctional iron-biochar composites for the removal of potentially toxic elements, inherent cations, and hetero-chloride from hydraulic fracturing wastewater. Environment International, 124:521-532.
Tavares, DS, Mueller, LP, Santos, Mascarenhas DSM, Batistote, M 2022. The toxological profile of the agrotoxic acid 2,4 Dichlophenoxyacetic in Fleischmann® yeast. Fronteira: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, 11:141-149.
Tang, J, Zhang, J, Ren, L, Zhou, Y, Gao, J, Luo, L, Yang, Y, Peng, Q, Huang, H, Chen, A 2019. Diagnosis of soil contamination using microbiological indices: A review on heavy metal pollution. Journal of Environmental Management, 242:121-130.
Tarish, M, Ali, RT, Shan, M, Amjad, Z, Rui, Q, Akher, SA,Al Mutery, A 2024. Plant Tissues as Biomonitoring Tools for Environmental Contaminants. International Journal of Plant Biology, 15(2):375-396.
Vaid, N, Sudan, J, Dave, S, Mangla, H, Pathak, H 2022. Insight into microbes and plants ability for bioremediation of heavy metals. Current Microbiology, 79(5):141.
Vieira, TC, Rodrigues, APDC, Amaral, PM, de Oliveira, DF, Gonçalves, RA, e Silva, CR, Vasques, RO, Malm, O, Silva-Filho, EV, Godoy, JM de O, Machado, W, Filippo, A, Bidone, ED 2020. Evaluation of the bioaccumulation kinetics of toxic metals in fish (A. brasiliensis) and its application on monitoring of coastal ecosystems. Marine pollution bulletin, 151:110830.
Wołejko, E, Wydro, U, Odziejewicz, JI, Koronkiewicz, A, Jabłońska-Trypuć, A 2022. Biomonitoring of soil contaminated with herbicides. Water, 14:1534.
Yang, X, You, M, Liu, S, Sarkar, B, Liu, Z, Yan, X 2023. Microbial responses towards biochar application in potentially toxic element (PTE) contaminated soil: a critical review on effects and potential mechanisms. Biochar, 5(1):57.
Yao, K, Lv, X, Zheng, G, Chen, Z, Jiang, Y, Zhu, X, Wang, Z, Cai, Z 2018. Effects of carbon quantum dots on aquatic environments: comparison of toxicity to organisms at different trophic levels. Environmental science & technology, 52(24):14445-14451.
Yuan, Q, Wang, P, Wang, X, Hu, B, Liu, S, Ma, J 2022. Abundant microbial communities act as more sensitive bio-indicators for ecological evaluation of copper mine contamination than rare taxa in river sediments. Environmental Pollution, 305:119310.
Zaghloul, A, Saber, M, Gadow, S, Awad, F 2020. Biological indicators for pollution detection in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 44(1):1-11.
Zeng, X, Ali, SH, Tian, J, Li, J 2020. Mapping anthropogenic mineral generation in China and its implications for a circular economy. Nature communications, 11(1):1544.
Zeyad, MT, Kumar, M, Malik, A 2019. Mutagenicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by pesticide industry wastewater using bacterial and plant bioassays. Biotechnology Reports, 24:e00389.
Zhang, A, Li, X, Xing, J, Xu, G 2020. Adsorption of potentially toxic elements in water by modified biochar: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8:104196.
Zhang, M, Sun, Q, Chen, P, Wei, X, Wang, B 2022. How microorganisms tell the truth of potentially toxic elements pollution in environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 431:128456.
Zhang, L, Yang, Y, Lin, Y, Chen, H 2022. Human health, environmental quality and governance quality: Novel findings and implications from human health perspective. Frontiers in Public Health, 10:890741.
Zhang, W, Chen, L, Zhang, R, Lin, K 2016. High throughput sequencing analysis of the joint effects of BDE209-Pb on soil bacterial community structure. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 301:1-7.
Zheng, NA, Wang, S, Dong, WU, Hua, X, Li, Y, Song, X, Chu, Q, Hou, S, Li, Y 2019. The toxicological effects of mercury exposure in marine fish. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 102:714-720.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Débora Tavares Sarabia, Maria do Socorro Mascarenhas, Margareth Batistote
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Esta revista oferece acesso livre imediato ao seu conteúdo, seguindo o princípio de que disponibilizar gratuitamente o conhecimento científico ao público proporciona maior democratização mundial do conhecimento.
A partir da publicação realizada na revista os autores possuem copyright e direitos de publicação de seus artigos sem restrições.
A Revista Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science segue os preceitos legais da licença Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional. 
