Grassland Birds of Brazilian Cerrado: Population Trends and Conservation Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2023v12i3.p372-388Keywords:
endangered species, biodiversity conservation, population declineAbstract
Grassland ecosystems, characterized by open landscapes dominated by grasses, encompass diverse formations influenced by geological, climatic, and anthropogenic factors. These environments play a pivotal role in global biodiversity, carbon cycling, and ecosystem services. Due to the worldwide loss and degradation of these habitats, grassland birds are experiencing an unprecedented population decline. This work aims to supply an in-depth exploration of the conservation status of Cerrado grassland birds, including their population trends, protective measures, and primary threats within this bird group. Through an exhaustive literature review, conference of endangered species databases, and field data of grassland birds gathered by us, we compiled a comprehensive dataset detailing the trends, threats, and distribution of Cerrado grassland birds. The Cerrado, the world's largest savanna and Brazil's second-largest biome, accommodates 116 bird species specialized in grassland formations, including 13 endemics. Significantly, a notable proportion (26%) of endangered bird species in the Cerrado are strongly associated with grasslands. The primary threats faced by this group encompass habitat loss and degradation, the proliferation of exotic grass species, and the recurrent incidence of wildfires. Upon analyzing population trends, a concerning 37% of Cerrado grassland birds show declining numbers, with inadequate representation in existing protected areas. While grasslands hold global significance, conservation endeavors often give precedence to tropical forests. The preservation of central Brazil's grassland formations assumes utmost importance in safeguarding the abundant biodiversity of the Cerrado. These formations function as pivotal habitats for endangered and declining bird species, underscoring the pressing need to develop conservation strategies attuned to the unique challenges posed by grassland environments.
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Marini, M. Â., Barbet-Massin, M., Lopes, L. E., & Jiguet, F. 2013. Geographic and seasonal distribution of the Cock-tailed Tyrant (Alectrurus tricolor) inferred from niche modeling. Journal of ornithology, 154, 393-402.
Marini, M. Â., Barbet‐massin, M., Lopes, L. E., & Jiguet, F. 2009. Predicted climate‐driven bird distribution changes and forecasted conservation conflicts in a neotropical savanna. Conservation Biology, 23(6), 1558-1567.
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Mineau, P., & Whiteside, M. (2013). Pesticide acute toxicity is a better correlate of US grassland bird declines than agricultural intensification. PloS one, 8(2), e57457.
Norambuena, H. V., & Van Els, P. 2021. A general scenario to evaluate evolution of grassland birds in the Neotropics.
Overbeck, G. E., Vélez‐Martin, E., Scarano, F. R., Lewinsohn, T. M., Fonseca, C. R., Meyer, S. T., ... & Pillar, V. D. (2015). Conservation in Brazil needs to include non‐forest ecosystems. Diversity and distributions, 21(12), 1455-1460.
Overbeck, G. E., Vélez-Martin, E., da Silva Menezes, L., Anand, M., Baeza, S., Carlucci, M. B., ... & Müller, S. C. 2022. Placing Brazil's grasslands and savannas on the map of science and conservation. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 56, 125687.
Pacheco, J. F., Silveira, L. F., Aleixo, A., Agne, C. E., Bencke, G. A., Bravo, G. A., ... & de Q. Piacentini, V. 2021. Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee—second edition. Ornithology Research, 29(2), 94-105.
Palazzesi, L., Hidalgo, O., Barreda, V. D., Forest, F., & Höhna, S. 2022. The rise of grasslands is linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the late Palaeogene. Nature Communications, 13(1), 293.
Pennington, R. T., Lehmann, C. E., & Rowland, L. M. 2018. Tropical savannas and dry forests. Current Biology, 28(9), R541-R545.
Petermann, J. S., & Buzhdygan, O. Y. 2021. Grassland biodiversity. Current Biology, 31(19), R1195-R1201.
Pilon, N. A., Campos, B. H., Durigan, G., Cava, M. G., Rowland, L., Schmidt, I., ... & Oliveira, R. S. 2023. Challenges and directions for open ecosystems biodiversity restoration: An overview of the techniques applied for Cerrado. Journal of Applied Ecology, 60(5), 849-858.
Ribeiro, J. F., & Walter, B. M. T. 2008. As principais fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado. Cerrado: ecologia e flora, 1, 151-212.
Sage, R. F. (2004). The evolution of C4 photosynthesis. New phytologist, 161(2), 341-370.
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2023-10-27
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BRAZ, Vivian da Silva; BERNARDES, Myrella Machado; NASCIMENTO NETO, Vanderlei Alves do; HASS, Adriani; FRANÇA, Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues; CAVALCANTI, Roberto Brandão. Grassland Birds of Brazilian Cerrado: Population Trends and Conservation Challenges. Fronteiras - Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. 372–388, 2023. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2023v12i3.p372-388. Disponível em: https://revistas2.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/7044. Acesso em: 24 nov. 2024.
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