Becoming a Parent: The development of the parental process
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2017v6i4.p146-161Abstract
Among the transitions that family system faces, the transition to parenthood is highlighted as one of the most dramatic and intense. It adds complexity to the family system and requires identity and role reorganization. This study aimed to understand the transition to a parenthood role during the child’s first year of life. The Grounded Theory and semi-structured interviews (a total of 75) were used, complemented by observation, on five data collection moments. The emerging explanatory theory evidences that becoming a father or a mother as a complex identity transforming process, which occurs in continuous interaction with multiple interrelated systems and overheads the temporality of the parental condition. The methodology adopted in the study allowed the understanding of the psychosocial nature of the parenthood phenomenon, bringing knowledge that constitutes a reflexion and awareness point towards change and innovation in the matter of nursing practice with families.References
Alstveit M, Severinsson E, Karlsen B 2015. Health resources and strategies among employed women in Norway during pregnancy and early motherhood. Nurs Res Pract 2015.
Badinter, E 2010. O conflito, a mulher e a mãe. Relógio d’ Água, Rio de Janeiro, 176 pp.
Bernardi D 2017. Paternidade e cuidado: “novos conceitos”, velhos discursos. Psicologia Revista 26(1):59-80.
Borsa JC, Nunes MLT 2011. Aspectos psicossociais da parentalidade: o papel de homens e mulheres na família nuclear. Psicologia Argumento 29(64):31-39.
Castellano R, Velotti P, Crowell JA, Zavattini GC 2014. The role of parents’ attachment configurations at childbirth on marital satisfaction and conflict strategies. J Child Fam Stud 23(6):1011-1026.
Castoldi L, Gonçalves TR, Lopes RCS 2014. Envolvimento paterno da gestação ao primeiro ano de vida do bebê. Psicol Est 19(2):247-259.
Corbin J, Strauss A 2014. Basics of qualitative research. Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 4th ed. Sage Publications, London, 456 pp.
Cúnico SD, Arpini DM 2013. A família em mudanças: desafios para a paternidade contemporânea. Pensando Famílias 17(1):28-40.
Dessen MA, Oliveira MR 2013. Envolvimento paterno durante o nascimento dos filhos: Pai “real” e “ideal” na perspetiva materna. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 26(1):184-192.
Dew J, Wilcox WB 2011. If momma ain’t happy: Explaining declines in marital satisfaction among new mothers. J Marriage Fam 73:1-12.
Doss BD, Rhoades GK 2017. The transition to parenthood: Impact on couples’ romantic relationships. Curr Opin Psychol urrent 13:25-28.
Gauthier PD, deMontigny F 2013. Conceiving a first child: fathers’ perceptions of contributing elements to their decision. J Reprod Infant Psychol 31(1):274-284.
Glabe AC, Bean RA, Vira R 2005. A prime time for marital/relational intervention: a review of the transition to parenthood literature with treatment recommendations. Am J Fam Ther 33(4):319-336.
Gouveia PRR, Pires MRT, Hipólito JEJ 2015. O novo ciclo familiar após o nascimento do primeiro filho. Psique 21:135-160.
Grice MM, Feda D, McGovern, Alexander BH, McCaffrey D, Ukestad L 2007. Giving birth and returning towork: the impact of work-family conflict on women’s health after childbirth. Ann Epidemiol 17(10):791-798.
Habib C 2012. The transition to fatherhood: A literature review exploring paternal involvement with identity theory. J Fam Stud 18(2-3):103-120.
Hamelin-Brabant L, deMontigny F, Roch G 2015. Perinatal vulnerability and social-support during the postnatal period: A review of the literature. Sante Publique 27(1):27-37.
Hidalgo MV, Menéndez S 2009. Apoyo a las familias durante el proceso de transición a la maternidad y la paternidad. Familia 38:133-152.
Jablonski B 2010. A divisão de tarefas domésticas entre homens e mulheres no cotidiano do Casamento. Psicologia Ciência e Profissão 30(2):262-275.
Johnston D, Swanson D 2006. Constructing the “good mother”: The experience of mothering ideologies by work status. Sex Roles 54(7-8):509-519.
Katz-Wise S, Priess H, Hyde J 2010. Gender-role attitudes and behaviour across the transition to parenthood. Dev Psychol 46(1):18-28.
Kluwer ES 2010. From partnership to parenthood: a review of marital change across the transition to parenthood. J Fam Theory Rev 2(2):105-125.
Kornrich S, Brines J, Leupp K 2013. Egalitarianism, house-work, and sexual frequency in marriage. Am Sociol Rev 78(1):26-50.
Longworth HL, Kingdon CK 2011. Fathers in the birth room: what are they expecting and experiencing? A phenomenological study. Midwifery 27(5):588-594.
Lopes RCS, Menezes CC 2007. Relação conjugal na transição para a parentalidade: da gestação ao segundo ano de vida do bebê. Psico-USF 12(1):83-93.
McGovern P, Dowd B, Gjerdingen D 2007. Mothers’ health and work-related factors at 11 weeks postpartum. Ann Fam Med 5(6):519-527.
McLeish J, Redshaw M 2015. Peer support during pregnancy and early parenthood: A qualitative study of models and perceptions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15:257.
Meleis AH 2010. Transitions theory: middle range and situation specific theories in nursing research and practice, Springer Publishing Company, New York, 664 pp.
Miller T 2011. Falling back into gender? Men’s narratives and practices around first-time fatherhood. Sociol 45(6):1094-1109.
Mrayan L, Cornish F, Dhungana N, Parfitt B 2016. Transition to parenthood during the transition to modernity in Jordan: new parents’ views on family and healthcare support systems. Appl Nurs Res 32:139-143.
Narvaz MG, Koller SH 2006. Famílias e patriarcado: da prescrição normativa à subversão criativa. Psicologia & Sociedade 18(1):49-55.
Ngai F-W, Chan SC 2011. Psychosocial factors and maternal wellbeing: An explanatory path analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 48(6):725-731.
Ngai F-W, Ngu S-F 2013. Quality of life during the transition to parenthood in Hong Kong: a longitudinal study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 34(4):157-162.
Nichols MR, Roux GM 2004. Maternal perspectives on postpartum return to the workplace. Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 33(4):463-471.
Papalia DE, Olds SW 2013. Desenvolvimento humano. 12a ed. McGraw-Hill, São Paulo, 800 pp.
Poh HL, Koh SSL, He HG 2014. An integrative review of fathers’ experiences during pregnancy and childbirth. Int Nurs Rev 61(4):543-554.
Rocha-Coutinho M 2015. Investimento da mulher no mercado de trabalho: repercussões na família e nas relações de gênero. In T Féres-Carneiro, Família e casal: parentalidade e filiação em diferentes contextos, Prospectiva & PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, p. 103-118.
Sallés C, Ger S 2011. Las competencias parentales en la familia contemporánea: descripción, promoción y evaluación. Educación Social 49:25-47.
Spiteri G, Xuereb RB 2012. Going back to work after childbirth: women’s lived experiences. J Reprod Infant Psychol 30(2):201-216.
Stern DN 1997. A constelação da maternidade: o panorama da psicoterapia pais/bebê. Artes Médicas, Porto Alegre, 212 pp.
Valarino I, Gauthier J-A 2016. Paternity leave implementation in Switzerland: a challenge to gendered representations and practices of fatherhood? Community Work Fam 19(1):1-20.
Wall G, Arnold S 2007. How involved is involved fathering? An exploration of the contemporary culture of fatherhood. Gend Soc 21(4):508-527.
Winnicott DW 2013. Os bebês e suas mães. 4a ed. Martins Fontes, São Paulo, 98 pp.
Zerach G, Magal O 2016. Exposure to stress during childbirth, dyadic adjustment, partner’s resilience, and psychological distress among first-time fathers. Psychol Men Masc 18(2):123-133.
Badinter, E 2010. O conflito, a mulher e a mãe. Relógio d’ Água, Rio de Janeiro, 176 pp.
Bernardi D 2017. Paternidade e cuidado: “novos conceitos”, velhos discursos. Psicologia Revista 26(1):59-80.
Borsa JC, Nunes MLT 2011. Aspectos psicossociais da parentalidade: o papel de homens e mulheres na família nuclear. Psicologia Argumento 29(64):31-39.
Castellano R, Velotti P, Crowell JA, Zavattini GC 2014. The role of parents’ attachment configurations at childbirth on marital satisfaction and conflict strategies. J Child Fam Stud 23(6):1011-1026.
Castoldi L, Gonçalves TR, Lopes RCS 2014. Envolvimento paterno da gestação ao primeiro ano de vida do bebê. Psicol Est 19(2):247-259.
Corbin J, Strauss A 2014. Basics of qualitative research. Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. 4th ed. Sage Publications, London, 456 pp.
Cúnico SD, Arpini DM 2013. A família em mudanças: desafios para a paternidade contemporânea. Pensando Famílias 17(1):28-40.
Dessen MA, Oliveira MR 2013. Envolvimento paterno durante o nascimento dos filhos: Pai “real” e “ideal” na perspetiva materna. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 26(1):184-192.
Dew J, Wilcox WB 2011. If momma ain’t happy: Explaining declines in marital satisfaction among new mothers. J Marriage Fam 73:1-12.
Doss BD, Rhoades GK 2017. The transition to parenthood: Impact on couples’ romantic relationships. Curr Opin Psychol urrent 13:25-28.
Gauthier PD, deMontigny F 2013. Conceiving a first child: fathers’ perceptions of contributing elements to their decision. J Reprod Infant Psychol 31(1):274-284.
Glabe AC, Bean RA, Vira R 2005. A prime time for marital/relational intervention: a review of the transition to parenthood literature with treatment recommendations. Am J Fam Ther 33(4):319-336.
Gouveia PRR, Pires MRT, Hipólito JEJ 2015. O novo ciclo familiar após o nascimento do primeiro filho. Psique 21:135-160.
Grice MM, Feda D, McGovern, Alexander BH, McCaffrey D, Ukestad L 2007. Giving birth and returning towork: the impact of work-family conflict on women’s health after childbirth. Ann Epidemiol 17(10):791-798.
Habib C 2012. The transition to fatherhood: A literature review exploring paternal involvement with identity theory. J Fam Stud 18(2-3):103-120.
Hamelin-Brabant L, deMontigny F, Roch G 2015. Perinatal vulnerability and social-support during the postnatal period: A review of the literature. Sante Publique 27(1):27-37.
Hidalgo MV, Menéndez S 2009. Apoyo a las familias durante el proceso de transición a la maternidad y la paternidad. Familia 38:133-152.
Jablonski B 2010. A divisão de tarefas domésticas entre homens e mulheres no cotidiano do Casamento. Psicologia Ciência e Profissão 30(2):262-275.
Johnston D, Swanson D 2006. Constructing the “good mother”: The experience of mothering ideologies by work status. Sex Roles 54(7-8):509-519.
Katz-Wise S, Priess H, Hyde J 2010. Gender-role attitudes and behaviour across the transition to parenthood. Dev Psychol 46(1):18-28.
Kluwer ES 2010. From partnership to parenthood: a review of marital change across the transition to parenthood. J Fam Theory Rev 2(2):105-125.
Kornrich S, Brines J, Leupp K 2013. Egalitarianism, house-work, and sexual frequency in marriage. Am Sociol Rev 78(1):26-50.
Longworth HL, Kingdon CK 2011. Fathers in the birth room: what are they expecting and experiencing? A phenomenological study. Midwifery 27(5):588-594.
Lopes RCS, Menezes CC 2007. Relação conjugal na transição para a parentalidade: da gestação ao segundo ano de vida do bebê. Psico-USF 12(1):83-93.
McGovern P, Dowd B, Gjerdingen D 2007. Mothers’ health and work-related factors at 11 weeks postpartum. Ann Fam Med 5(6):519-527.
McLeish J, Redshaw M 2015. Peer support during pregnancy and early parenthood: A qualitative study of models and perceptions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15:257.
Meleis AH 2010. Transitions theory: middle range and situation specific theories in nursing research and practice, Springer Publishing Company, New York, 664 pp.
Miller T 2011. Falling back into gender? Men’s narratives and practices around first-time fatherhood. Sociol 45(6):1094-1109.
Mrayan L, Cornish F, Dhungana N, Parfitt B 2016. Transition to parenthood during the transition to modernity in Jordan: new parents’ views on family and healthcare support systems. Appl Nurs Res 32:139-143.
Narvaz MG, Koller SH 2006. Famílias e patriarcado: da prescrição normativa à subversão criativa. Psicologia & Sociedade 18(1):49-55.
Ngai F-W, Chan SC 2011. Psychosocial factors and maternal wellbeing: An explanatory path analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 48(6):725-731.
Ngai F-W, Ngu S-F 2013. Quality of life during the transition to parenthood in Hong Kong: a longitudinal study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 34(4):157-162.
Nichols MR, Roux GM 2004. Maternal perspectives on postpartum return to the workplace. Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 33(4):463-471.
Papalia DE, Olds SW 2013. Desenvolvimento humano. 12a ed. McGraw-Hill, São Paulo, 800 pp.
Poh HL, Koh SSL, He HG 2014. An integrative review of fathers’ experiences during pregnancy and childbirth. Int Nurs Rev 61(4):543-554.
Rocha-Coutinho M 2015. Investimento da mulher no mercado de trabalho: repercussões na família e nas relações de gênero. In T Féres-Carneiro, Família e casal: parentalidade e filiação em diferentes contextos, Prospectiva & PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, p. 103-118.
Sallés C, Ger S 2011. Las competencias parentales en la familia contemporánea: descripción, promoción y evaluación. Educación Social 49:25-47.
Spiteri G, Xuereb RB 2012. Going back to work after childbirth: women’s lived experiences. J Reprod Infant Psychol 30(2):201-216.
Stern DN 1997. A constelação da maternidade: o panorama da psicoterapia pais/bebê. Artes Médicas, Porto Alegre, 212 pp.
Valarino I, Gauthier J-A 2016. Paternity leave implementation in Switzerland: a challenge to gendered representations and practices of fatherhood? Community Work Fam 19(1):1-20.
Wall G, Arnold S 2007. How involved is involved fathering? An exploration of the contemporary culture of fatherhood. Gend Soc 21(4):508-527.
Winnicott DW 2013. Os bebês e suas mães. 4a ed. Martins Fontes, São Paulo, 98 pp.
Zerach G, Magal O 2016. Exposure to stress during childbirth, dyadic adjustment, partner’s resilience, and psychological distress among first-time fathers. Psychol Men Masc 18(2):123-133.
Downloads
Published
2017-12-31
How to Cite
MARTINS, Cristina Araújo; ABREU, Wilson Jorge Correia Pinto de; FIGUEIREDO, Maria do Céu Aguiar Barbieri de. Becoming a Parent: The development of the parental process. Fronteiras - Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 4, p. 146–161, 2017. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2017v6i4.p146-161. Disponível em: https://revistas2.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/2672. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.
Issue
Section
Special Edition - Qualitative Research: Permeability between Social and Human Sciences
License
This journal offers immediate free access to its content, following the principle that providing free scientific knowledge to the public, we provides greater global democratization of knowledge.
As of the publication in the journal the authors have copyright and publication rights of their articles without restrictions.
The Revista Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science follows the legal precepts of the Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International. 
