Storehouse and sanctuary: the role of Brazil in world food security

Autores

  • James Augusto Pires Tiburcio Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – CDS, Universidade de Brasília, Brasil.
  • Marcel Bursztyn Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – CDS, Universidade de Brasília, Brasil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2013v2i2.p27-48

Resumo

Natural endowments such as land availability, abundant water, fertile soils, and favorable climate combined with decreasing population growth place Brazil as the leading force in world food production. Brazil is also the guardian of the most diverse eco-systems in the planet and is continuously wrestling between the expansion of the agricultural land area and the preservation of the most diverse fauna and flora, embodied in the Amazon forest. Addressing the international political economy of trade and food security from a Brazilian perspective, this paper argues that the main obstacles facing Brazil in food security are not domestic, but international. International political issues are at the core of the most relevant hurdles and understanding the reciprocal relationship between world food security and the emerging economies position especially that of Brazil in food production and trade is crucial. I argue that comprehending the elements that constrain the present and future role of Brazil in fulfilling its potential as food supplier in an ecologically and economically sustainable path, as well as its new found role as agricultural cooperation partner in the promotion of a food safe world is paramount if the world is to feed 7 billion mouths.

Biografia do Autor

James Augusto Pires Tiburcio, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – CDS, Universidade de Brasília, Brasil.

Doutorando no Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – CDS, Universidade de Brasília, Brasil.

Marcel Bursztyn, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – CDS, Universidade de Brasília, Brasil.

Doutor em Economie pela Université de Picardie. Docente no Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – CDS, Universidade de Brasília, Brasil.

Referências

Alves, P., Draper, P. & Edwards, L. (2008). South Africa. In Alves, P. P. Draper, P. & Sally, R.
(Eds.). Trade Policy in the Twenty-First Century: The Political Economy of Reform in Emerging Markets, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Amaral, W. A. N. & Peduto, A. (2010). Food Security: The Brazilian Case. IISD Series on Trade and Food Security – Policy Report.
Asia Development Bank (2011). Global food price inflation and developing Asia. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Barret, C. B. (1999). Does Food Aid Stabilize Food Availability? Working Paper 99-01. University
of Minnesota Department of Applied Economics. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Barros, G. S. A. C., & Silva, A.F. (2011). Produtividade da Agricultura e Transferência de Renda no Brasil. In Mattos, L. B., Teixeira, E. C., Fontes, R. M. O. (Orgs.). Politicas Publicas & Desenvolvimento. Viçosa: Editora Viçosa (pp. 305-328).
Binswanger, H. & Lutz, E. (2000). Agricultural Trade Barriers, Trade Negotiations, and the
Interests of Developing Countries. Paper presented at the International Association of Agricultural Economists Meeting in Berlin, Germany, August.
Boon, E. K. (2004). Food Security in Africa: Challenges and Prospects. In Boon,
E. K. (Ed.). An Overview of Sustainable Development in Africa. Oxford, U.K.: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) / UNESCO, Eolss Publishers.
Boussard, J. M., Daviron, B., Gérard, F., & Voituriez, T. (2005). Food Security and Agricultural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Building a Case for More Support. Paris: CIRAD.
Briet, L. (2010). EU support to regional integration in Africa: A Shared Vision. Trade Negotiations Insights 9 (2). 10.
Briones, R. M. (2011). Regional Cooperation for Food Security: The Case of Emergency Rice
Reserves in the ASEAN Plus Three. Asia Development Bank Sustainable Development Working Paper Series 18.
Brown, L. R. (2005). Outgrowing The Earth. NewYork: W. W. Norton & Co.
Burford, H. (2008). Rising Food Prices: Causes and Consequences. OECD.
Chauffour, J. P. (2008). Global Food Price Crisis – Trade Policy Origins. PREM notes 1119. The World Bank.
Chishakwe, N. E. (2008). An overview of the international regulatory frameworks that influence the conservation and use of underutilized plant species. Rome: Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species.
Cole, S. (2008). Fixing Market Failures or Fixing Elections? Agricultural Credit in India. Finance Unit, Harvard Business School Working papers.
Dalal-Clayton, D. B. & and Bass, S. (2009). The Challenges of Environmental Mainstreaming:
Experience of Integrating Environment into Development Institutions and Decisions. London: International Institute for Environment and Development.
FAO (2011a). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2011: How does international price volatility affect domestic economies and food security? Rome: FAO.
FAO (2011b). The State of Food and Agriculture –Women in agriculture: Closing the gender gap for development. Rome: FAO.
Fang, C. & Beghin, J. C. (2000). Food Self-Sufficiency, Comparative Advantage, and Agricultural
Trade: A Policy Analysis Matrix for Chinese Agriculture. Working Paper 99-WP 223. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development and Department of Economics, Iowa State University.
Fearnside, P. M. (2005). Desmatamento na Amazônia brasileira: história, índices e consequências. Megadiversidade, 1 (1), 113-123.
Fernandes Filho, J. F., Belik, W. (2010). A política de tributação na exportação do complexo soja pelo Brasil: transformação e resultados. Paper presented at the 48th Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural, July 25-28, 2010, Campo Grande, Brazil.
GAO (2008). International food security: Insufficient Efforts by Host Governments and Donors Threaten Progress to Halve Hunger in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2015. United States Government Accountability Office. GAO Report to Congressional Requesters. GAO-08-680.
Gasques, J. G., Bastos, E. T., & Bacchi, M. R. P., (2008). Produtividade e fontes de crescimento da agricultura brasileira. In De Negri, J. A., Kuboca, L. C. (Orgs.). Políticas de incentivo à inovação tecnológica no Brasil. Brasília: Ipea.
Girardi, E. F. (2009). Atlas da Questão Agrária Brasileira e Cartografia Geográfica Crítica.
Confins Revista Franco-Brésilienne de Géographie 5 [online]. doi: 10.4000/confins.5631.
Goes, F. L., Patriota, T. C. and Tiburcio, J. (2010). Considerações sobre o potencial e os desafios de uma parceria Brasil-África para o desenvolvimento rural. Ipea Boletim de Economia e Política Internacional, 3.
Hanrahan, C., Banks, B. A., Canada, C. (2006). U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy. Congressional Research Service. 98-253.
Hoekman, B., Javorcik, B. S. (2004). Policies facilitating firm adjustment to globalization. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20(3). 457-473.
IBGE (2011). A Economia Brasileira no 3º Trimestre de 2011: Visão Geral. http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/indicadores/pib/pib-vol- val_201103comentarios.pdf (Accessed in December 2011).
IBGE (2006). Censo agropecuário 2006: agricultura familiar : primeiros resultados : Brasil, grandes regiões e unidades da Federação. Brasília: IBGE.
Jaenicke, H. & Höschle-Zeledon, I. (Eds.) (2006). Strategic Framework for Underutilized Plant
Species Research and Development, with Special Reference to Asia and the Pacific, and to Sub-Saharan Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka; Rome, Italy: Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species; International Centre for Underutilized Crops.
Jawara, F. & Kwa, A. (2004). Behind the scenes at the WTO: the real world of international trade negotiations – updated edition. London/New York: Zed Books Ltd.
Johnson, H. J. (1996). Food Security in Africa. Testimony before the Subcommittee on African Affairs, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office.
Jones, M. (2008). Emerging Policy Issues within the Realm of Science Policy for Africa. In
Kochendörfer-Lucius, G. & Pleskovič, B. (Eds.). (2008). Agriculture and development. Washington, D.C: World Bank. Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7127-5.
Karshenas, M. (2009). The Impact of the Global Financial and Economic Crisis on LDC
Economies. Paper prepared for the UN Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States. Kochendörfer-Lucius, G. & Pleskovič, B. (Eds.). (2008). Agriculture and development. Washington, D.C: World Bank. Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7127-5
LaForce, V. C. (2011). The EU agricultural policy and developing countries: lessons from the
past and future directions. Paper prepared for the ―New Frontiers in European Studies: UACES Student Forum 12th Annual Conference‖, University of Surrey, Guildford, 30 June – 1 July 2011. Levin, J. (2010). 3 Reasons Comparative Advantage Doesn‘t Apply to Agriculture.
http://www.goodeater.org/2010/01/27/3-reasons-comparative-advantage-doesn%E2%80%99t-apply-toagriculture/. (Accessed December 2010).
Liefert, W., Liefert, O., Vocke, G. and Allen, E. (2010). Former Soviet Union Region to Play
Larger Role in Meeting World Wheat Needs. Amber Waves: USDA Economic Research Service.
Magdelaine, P., Spiess, M.P., & VALCESCHINI, E. (2008). Poultry meat consumption trends in Europe. World's Poultry Science Journal, 64, 53-64. doi:10.1017/S0043933907001717.
Maluf, P. (1999). Ações públicas locais de apoio à produção de alimentos e à segurança alimentar. Pólis Papers 4.
Manning, L., Chadd, S.A., Baines, R.N. (2007). Key health and welfare indicators for broiler production. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63, 46-62. doi: 10.1017/S0043933907001262.
MAPA (2011a). Brasil projeções do agronegócio 2010/2011 a 2020/2021. Brasília: MAPA.
MAPA (2011b). Balança Comercial de Agronegócio. Brasília: MAPA. http://www.agricultura.gov.br/internacional/indicadores-e-estatisticas/balanca-comercial (Accessed in December 2011).
MAPA (2010). Intercâmbio comercial do agronegócio: principais mercados de destino. Brasília:
MAPA.
MAPA (2008). Intercâmbio comercial do agronegócio: principais mercados de destino. Brasília:
MAPA.
Margulis, S. & Narain, U. (Orgs.). (2010). The Costs to Developing Countries of Adapting to
Climate Change: New Methods and Estimates. The Global Report of the Economics of adaptation to Climate Change Study Consultation Draft. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
Masters, G., Baker, P., Flood, J. (2010). Climate Change and Agricultural Commodities. CABI Working Paper 2, 38 pp.
Mitra, S., Josling, T. (2009). Agricultural Export Restrictions: Welfare Implications and Trade
Disciplines. IPC Position Paper, Agricultural and Rural Development Policy Series. International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council.
Mueller, C., Mueller, B. (2006). The Evolution of Agriculture and Land Reform in Brazil, 1960 –
2006. Paper prepared for the Conference in honor of Werner Baer, University of Illinois, Dec. 1-2, 2006.
Mulle, E. D. & Ruppanner, V. (2010). Exploring the Global Food Supply Chain Markets,
Companies, Systems. Companion Publication to Seeds of Hunger, Backgrounder No. 2 in the THREAD series.
Mwaniki, A. (2006). Achieving Food Security in Africa: Challenges and Issues. United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa Other Reports.
http://www.un.org/africa/osaa/reports/Achieving%20Food%20Security%20in%20AfricaChallenges%20and%20Issues.pdf (Accessed in October 2010).
Ng, F., Aksoy, M. A. (2008a). Who Are the Net Food Importing Countries? World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4457.
Ng, F., Aksoy, M. A. (2008b). Food price increases and net food importing countries: lessons from the recent past. Agricultural Economics, 39, 443–452. doi: 10.1111/j.1574- 0862.2008.00350.x.
OECD (2005). Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries 2005: Monitoring and Evaluation. OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_oecd-2005-en (Accessed in September 2011).
OECD (2011a). Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries 2010: At a Glance. OECD
Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_oecd-2010-en (Accessed in September 2011).
OECD (2011b). Producer and Consumer Support Estimates database.
http://www.oecd.org/document/59/0,3746,en_2649_33797_39551355_1_1_1_1,00.html (Accessed in October 2011).
OECD/FAO (2011). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2011-2020. OECD Publishing and FAO. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_outlook-2011-en (Accessed in September 2011).
Orihuela, R. & Ruitenberg, R. (2009). Argentina Ends Corn, Wheat Export Ban as Crops Shrink (Update3). Bloomberg, 01/10/2009.
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a9jgCiS0XvEM (Accessed November 2010).
Panagariya, A. (2003). Trade liberalization and food security: conceptual links. In FAO, Trade Reforms and Food Security: Conceptualizing the linkages (pp. 35-42). Rome: FAO.
Patnaik, U. (2003). On the inverse relation between primary exports and food absorption in developing countries under liberalized trade regimes. In Ghosh, J. & Chandrasekhar, C. P. (Eds.). Work and Welfare in the Age of Finance. Delhi: Tulika.
Patnaik, U. (2005). Ricardo‘s Fallacy: Mutual Benefit From Trade Based On Comparative Costs
And Specialization? Jomo, K. S. (Ed.). The Pioneers of Development Economics. Delhi: Tulika. Pino, B. A. (2010). Brazilian Cooperation: a model under construction for an emerging power. ARI 143/2010.
Queirós, L. R., Speranza, E. A., Bettiol, G. M., Alba, J. M. F., Bernardi, A. C. C., Inamasu, R. Y.,
Grego, C. R., Rabello, L. M. (2011). Gestão de recursos de informação em Agricultura de Precisão. Documentos 112. Campinas: Embrapa Informática Agropecuária.
Rada, N. & Regmi, A. (2010).Trade and Food Security Implications from the Indonesian Agricultural Experience. Amber Waves: USDA Economic Research Service.
Regmi, A. & Seale Jr., J.L. (2010). Cross-price Elasticities of Demand across 114 Countries. USDA ERS Technical Bulletin Number TB-1925.
Rodrigues, R. R., Gandolfia, S., Navea, A. G., Aronsonb, J., Barreto, T. E., Vidala, Cristina Y., &
Brancaliona, P. H.S. (2011). Large-scale ecological restoration of high-diversity tropical forests in SE
Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 261, 1605-1613. doi: doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.005
Roos, G., Terragni, L., & Torjusen, H. (2007). The local in the global – creating ethical relations between producers and consumers: From local food to localised food‖. Anthropology of food. Special Issue on local food products and systems.
Rosen, S., Caswell, M. (2005). Forces Shaping Food Security: Factors Affecting Production. In Shapouri, S. & Rosen, S. Food Security Assessment. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service/USDA.
Rosenzweig, C., Parry, M.L., Fischer, G., and Frohberg, K. (1993). Climate Change and World
Food Supply. Oxford: Environmental Change Unit.
Sally, R., S. (2009). Globalisation and the Political Economy of Trade Liberalisation in the BRIICS: Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa. OECD Publishing. doi:
10.1787/9789264044814-en.
Santana, J. A., (2007). A evolução dos programas de transferência de renda e o Programa
Bolsa Família. Paper presented at the Population, Poverty and Inequality Seminar, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, November 5-7.
Sarris, A. & Morrison, J. (Eds.). (2009). The evolving structure of world agricultural trade:
Implications for trade policy and trade agreements. Rome: FAO.
Sauer, S. & Leite, S. P. (2011). Agrarian structure, foreign land ownership, and land price in Brazil. Paper presented at the International Conference on Global Land Grabbing. 6-8 April 2011, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.
Seale, J., Regmi, A. & Bernstein, J. (2003). International evidence on food consumption patterns. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin Number 1904.
Schure, P., van Kooten, G. C., Wang, Y. (2007). Challenges for Less Developed Countries:
Agricultural Policies in the EU and the US. Working paper, 2007-08. Resource
Economics and Policy Analysis (REPA) Research Group, Department of Economics, University of Victoria.
Shapouri, S. & Rosen, S. (2010). A Positive Path for Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa:
Options and Challenges. Food Security Assessment, 2010-20. Washington, D.C.: USDA, Economic Research Service.
Silva, J. F., (2011). Brazil: Poultry and Products Annual. Poultry Annual 2011. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service Global Agricultural Information Network Report BR 0714.
Smale, M., Mahoney, T. (2010). Agricultural Productivity in Changing Rural Worlds. A Report of the CSIS Task Force on Food Security.
Swinnen J. (2010).The political economy of agricultural and food policies: recent contributions, new insights, and areas for further research. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 2(1), 33-58.
The Economist (2010). Brazil's foreign-aid programme: Speak softly and carry a blank cheque. July 15.
Thurow, R & Kilman, S. (2009). Enough: Why the World's Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty. New York: PublicAffairs.
Timmer, C. P. (2010). Reflections on Food Crises Past. Food Policy, 35(1), 1-11.
Timmer, C. P., Falcon, W. and Pearson, S. (1983). Food Policy Analysis. The World Bank.
Toye, J. F. J., Toye, R. (2004). The UN and global political economy: trade, finance, and development. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2004.
Vaz, A. C. (2011). Brazilian Perspectives on South-South Economic Relations and Global
Governance. In Najam, A., Thrasher, R. (Eds.), South-South Economic Relations. Boston: Boston University [To be released].
Vinhas, A. L. F. (2010). (In)segurança alimentar no Brasil: uma análise das políticas públicas dos governos de Lula. Cuadernos de geografía, Revista colombiana de geografia, 19, 177-186.
Von Braun, J. (2008). Food and Financial Crises: Implications for Agriculture and the Poor.
Note prepared for the annual meeting of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research - IFPRI, Maputo.
Wolfe, R. (2007). Transparency and Public Participation in the Canadian Trade Policy Process.
In Halle, M. and Wolfe, R. (Eds.). Process Matters: Sustainable Development and Domestic Trade Transparency. Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 21-72.
Wolfe, R. (2009). Use Transparency to Keep World Trade Flowing. In Birkbeck, Deere, C. &
Meléndez-Ortiz, R., (Eds.). Rebuilding Global Trade: Proposals for a Fairer, More Sustainable Future –
Short Essays on Trade and Global Economic Governance. Geneva and Oxford: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, and Global Economic Governance Programme, University College, Oxford, 75-7.
Woolverton, A., Regmi, A., Tutwiler, M.A. (2010). The Political Economy of Trade and Food Security. International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, Geneva.
Woolverton, A., Kiawu, J. (2009). ―High Food Price‖ Policy Responses: Welfare Trade-offs in
Developing Countries and Global Implications. Poster presented at AAEA Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, July 26, 2009.

Publicado

2013-12-20

Como Citar

PIRES TIBURCIO, James Augusto; BURSZTYN, Marcel. Storehouse and sanctuary: the role of Brazil in world food security. Fronteira: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 2, n. 2, p. 27–48, 2013. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2013v2i2.p27-48. Disponível em: https://revistas2.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/748. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.