Governance and Healthy Organizational Practices of Three Schools in Chile and their Impact on Employee Engagement and Burnout
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2022v11i4.p224-235Keywords:
gobernanza de entidades educativas, prácticas organizacionales saludables, engagement, burnout, COVID-19Abstract
The work routine of education workers has been modified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological transformations in the delivery of educational services have been an extra stress factor. The adaptation to all this and the well-being of the workers depend to a great extent on the governance and management developed by the schools. The main objective of this work is to study the governance of three schools in Chile, analyzing the perception of healthy organizational practices (POS) of workers and the impact they have on engagement and burnout. For this purpose, an analysis and comparison of the perception of healthy organizational practices (HOP) of the employees of the selected schools is carried out. This is a research with a correlational-explanatory methodological approach. To obtain the information, a questionnaire was applied to 231 workers. Through the application of ANOVA we found significant differences between the three schools for healthy organizational practices, engagement and emotional exhaustion; the workers of the school that have higher perceptions of healthy organizational practices, also have higher scores in engagement and lower scores in emotional exhaustion, which is corroborated when performing the correlations between the variables. These results place the school with higher scores as a possible healthy organization.
References
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Acosta H, Torrente P, Llorens S, Salanova M 2013. Prácticas organizacionales saludables: un análisis exploratorio de su impacto relativo sobre el engagement con el trabajo. Revista de Peruana de Psicología y Trabajo Social, 2(1), 107–120.
Acuña-Hormazábal A, Ganga-Contreras F, Castillo J, Luengo C 2022. Investigaciones sobre engagement y burnout: una aproximación teórica en tiempos de covid-19. Telos: revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales, 24(2), 370-383. https://doi.org/10.36390/telos242.10
Acuña-Hormazabal A, Mendoza-Llanos R, Pons-Peregort O 2021. Burnout, engagement y la percepción sobre prácticas de gestión en pandemia por COVID-19 que tienen trabajadores del centro sur de Chile. Estudios Gerenciales, 37(158), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2021.158.4364
Acuña-Hormazábal A, Ganga-Contreras F, Suárez-Amaya W, Pons O 2022. Organizaciones saludables: Una aproximación desde un estudio bibliométrico. Interciencia, 47(10): 456-465
Alfes K, Shantz A, Truss C 2012. The link between perceived HRM practices, performance and well-being: the moderating effect of trust in the employer. Human Resource Management Journal, 22(4), 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12005
Bakker A, Demerouti E, Sanz-Vergel A 2014. Burnout and Work Engagement: The JD–R Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Bazarov T 2017. Healthy organization: metaphors, myths and reality. Organizatsionnaya Psikologiya. 7(1).
Brofman J 2007. Sindrome Burnout y ajuste marital en un organismo internacional. Ajayu, 5(9), 170–188. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Caballero-Domínguez C, Campo-Arias A 2020. Problemas de salud mental en la sociedad: un acercamiento desde el impacto del COVID 19 y de la cuarentena. Duazary, 17(3), 1 - 3. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3467
Cameron K, Mora C, Leutscher T, Calarco M 2011. Effects of positive practices on organizational effectiveness. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 47(3), 266–308. doi:10.1177/0021886310395514
Caouette M, Paradis M, Biron C 2014. Implementing the Quebec 'Healthy Enterprise' standard: considering readiness for change and psychosocial safety climate. Corporate Wellness Programs: Linking Employee And Organizational Health, 120-144.
Corbett D 2004. Excellence in Canada: Healthy organizations - Achieve results by acting responsibly. Journal of Business Ethics. 55(2).
Di Fabio A 2017. Positive Healthy Organizations: Promoting Well-Being, Meaningfulness, and Sustainability in Organizations. Frontiers In Psychology, 8(1).
Donaldson S, Lee J, Donaldson S 2019. Evaluating positive psychology interventions at work: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Appl. Posit. Psychol. 4, 113–134.
Donaldson S, Chan L, Villalobos J, Chen C 2020. The Generalizability of HERO across 15 Nations: Positive Psychological Capital (PsyCap) beyond the US and Other WEIRD Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17, 9432.
Ganga-Contreras F, Acuña-Hormazábal A, Ceballos-Garrido P, Pons-Peregort O, Araya-Castillo L 2022. Perception of Healthy Organizational Practices of Workers in the Chilean Educational Sector and Impact on Their Levels of Engagement and Burnout. Sustainability. 14(20):13671.
Ganga-Contreras F, Quiroz J, Fossatti P 2016. Análisis sincrónico de la gobernanza universitaria: una mirada teórica a los años sesenta y setenta. Educación y Pesquiza. 42(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-9702201608135289
Ganga-Contreras F, Suárez-Amaya W, Ignacio-Calderón A, Wandercil da Silva M and Susana Jung H 2019. Retos a La Gobernanza Universitaria: Acotaciones Sobre La Cuestión De La Autoridad Y La Profesionalización De La Gestión De Las Universidades. Fronteras: Revista de Ciencias Sociales, Tecnológicas y Ambientales 8 (3): 435-456. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2019v8i3.p435-456.
Ganga-Contreras F, Nuñez-Mascayano O 2018. Gobernanza de las organizaciones: Acercamiento conceptual a las instituciones de Educación Superior. Revista Espacios, 39(17), 9. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n17/18391709.html
García-Arroyo J, Segovia A 2018. Effect sizes and cut-off points: A meta-analytical review of burnout in Latin American countries. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 23(9), 1079–1093. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2018.1469780
Giménez-Espert M, Prado-Gascó V, Soto-Rubio A 2020. Psychosocial Risks, Work Engagement, and Job Satisfaction of Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health. 8: 566896. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.566896
Gittell J, Cameron K, Lim S, Rivas V 2006. Relationships, layoffs and organizational resilience: Airline industry responses to September 11. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 42, 300–329. doi:10.1177/0021886306286466
Klebnikov P, Moukheiber Z 1998. A healthy business. Forbes. 162(6).
Lavoie-Tremblay M 2004. Creating a healthy workplace - A participatory organizational intervention. Journal of Nursing Administration. 34(10).
Lima C, De Medeiros Carvalho P, Lima I, Nunes J, Saraiva J, De Souza R, Da Silva C, Neto M 2020. The emotional impact of coronavirus 2019-Ncov (New Coronavirus Disease). Psychiatry Research, 287, 112915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915
Lorenzo A, Diaz K, Zaldivar D 2020. La psicología como ciencia en el afrontamiento a la COVID-19: apuntes generales. Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, 10(2), 1 -17.
Lyubomirsky S, King L, Diener E 2005. The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855. doi:10.1037/ 0033-2909.131.6.803
Macky K, Boxall P 2007. The relationship between « high-performance work practices » and employee attitudes: an investigation of additive and interaction effects. The International Journal of Human Resource Managemnt, 18(4), 537-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190601178745
Maslach C, Jackson S 1981. The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2, 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
Maslach C, Jackson S, Leiter M 1986. Maslach burnout inventory (Vol. 21, pp. 3463-3464). Palo Alto: Consulting psychologists press.
Mendoza-Llanos R, Acuña-Hormazábal A, Pons-Peregort O 2022. We Need Engaged Workers! A Structural Equation Modeling Study from the Positive Organizational Psychology in Times of COVID-19 in Chile. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13) 7700. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137700
Mendoza-Llanos R y Moyano-Díaz E 2019. Hacia la validación del SUSESO ISTAS 21 versión breve en trabajadores de hospitales públicos. Terapia Psicológica, 37(1), 15–23.
Meseguer de Pedro M, Fernández-Valera M, García-Izquierdo M, Soler Sánchez M 2021. Burnout, Psychological Capital and Health during COVID-19 Social Isolation: A Longitudinal Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(3):1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031064
Moreno-Jiménez B, Rodríguez-Carvajal, R, Escobar E 2001. La evaluación del burnout profesional. Factorializacion del MBI-GS. Un análisis preliminar. Ansiedad y Estrés. 7(1), 69-78
Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Losifidis C, Agha M, Agha R 2020. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International journal of surgery), 78, 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
Pressley T 2021. Factors Contributing to Teacher Burnout During COVID-19. Educational Researcher. March. doi:10.3102/0013189X211004138
Saari T, Melin H, Balabonova E, Efendiev A 2017. The job demands and resources as antecedents of work engagement Comparative research on Finland and Russia. Baltic Journal of Management, 12(2), 240–254. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-05-2016-0112
Salanova M, Llorens S, Cifre E, Martínez I 2012. We Need a Hero! Toward a Validation of the Healthy and Resilient Organization (HERO) Model. Group & Organization Management, 37(6), 785–822. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601112470405
Salanova M, Llorens S 2016. Hacia una psicología positiva aplicada. Papeles del psicólogo, 37(3), 161-164
Salanova M, Llorens S, Martínez I 2016. Aportaciones desde la Psicología Organizacional Positiva para desarrollar Organizaciones Saludables y Resilientes. Papeles del Psicólogo, 37(3), 177-184.
Salanova M, Llorens S, Martínez I 2019. Organizaciones Saludables. Una mirada desde la psicología positiva. Pamplona: Thomson Reuters Aranzadi.
Salanova M 2020. How to survive COVID-19? Notes from organisational resilience (¿Cómo sobrevivir al COVID-19? Apuntes desde la resiliencia organizacional), International Journal of Social Psychology, 35:3, 670-676, DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2020.1795397
Salazar-Botello CM, Muñoz-Jara Y, Viancos-González P, Parra-Ulloa P, & Rojas-Carrasco R 2022. Disposición al Cambio en Establecimientos Educacionales de una Comuna de la Zona Central de Chile: La Mirada de Directivos y Profesores. Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, 11(1): 194-205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2022v11i1.p194-205
Segura-Camacho A, García-Orozco J, Topa G. 2018. Sustainable and Healthy Organizations Promote Employee Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Strategies. Sustainability. 10(10).
Seligman M, Csikszentmihalyi M. 2000. Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Seligman M, Csikszentmihalyi M 2014. Positive Psychology: An Introduction. In: Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology (pp. 279-298). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_18
Schaufeli W, Martínez I, Pinto A, Salanova M, Bakker A 2002. Burnout and Engagement in University Students: A Cross-National Study. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003
Schaufeli W, Leiter M, Maslach C 2009. Burnout: 35 years of research andpractice. Career Development International, 14(3), 204-220. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910966406
Solares J, Peñalver J, Meneghel I, Salanova M 2016. Desarrollando Equipos Empáticos: La influencia de las prácticas organizacionales saludables en la empatía colectiva. Revista de Psicología (Arequipa), 6(1), 51-63. ISSN: 2306-0565
Tarride I, Zamorano R, Varela S, Gonzalez M 2008. Healthy organizations: toward a diagnostic method. Kybernetes. 37(8).
Wang C, Horby P, Hayden F, Gao G 2020a. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre R, Choo F, Tran B, Ho R, Sharma V, Ho C 2020b. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, and Inmunity, 87, 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028
Wright P, McMahan C 1992. Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18, 295- 320.
Zhang S, Wang Y, Rauch A y Wei F 2020. Unprecedented disruption of live and work: Health, distress and life satisfaction of working adults in China one month into the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112958
Acosta H, Torrente P, Llorens S, Salanova M 2013. Prácticas organizacionales saludables: un análisis exploratorio de su impacto relativo sobre el engagement con el trabajo. Revista de Peruana de Psicología y Trabajo Social, 2(1), 107–120.
Acuña-Hormazábal A, Ganga-Contreras F, Castillo J, Luengo C 2022. Investigaciones sobre engagement y burnout: una aproximación teórica en tiempos de covid-19. Telos: revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales, 24(2), 370-383. https://doi.org/10.36390/telos242.10
Acuña-Hormazabal A, Mendoza-Llanos R, Pons-Peregort O 2021. Burnout, engagement y la percepción sobre prácticas de gestión en pandemia por COVID-19 que tienen trabajadores del centro sur de Chile. Estudios Gerenciales, 37(158), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.18046/j.estger.2021.158.4364
Acuña-Hormazábal A, Ganga-Contreras F, Suárez-Amaya W, Pons O 2022. Organizaciones saludables: Una aproximación desde un estudio bibliométrico. Interciencia, 47(10): 456-465
Alfes K, Shantz A, Truss C 2012. The link between perceived HRM practices, performance and well-being: the moderating effect of trust in the employer. Human Resource Management Journal, 22(4), 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12005
Bakker A, Demerouti E, Sanz-Vergel A 2014. Burnout and Work Engagement: The JD–R Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Bazarov T 2017. Healthy organization: metaphors, myths and reality. Organizatsionnaya Psikologiya. 7(1).
Brofman J 2007. Sindrome Burnout y ajuste marital en un organismo internacional. Ajayu, 5(9), 170–188. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Caballero-Domínguez C, Campo-Arias A 2020. Problemas de salud mental en la sociedad: un acercamiento desde el impacto del COVID 19 y de la cuarentena. Duazary, 17(3), 1 - 3. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3467
Cameron K, Mora C, Leutscher T, Calarco M 2011. Effects of positive practices on organizational effectiveness. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 47(3), 266–308. doi:10.1177/0021886310395514
Caouette M, Paradis M, Biron C 2014. Implementing the Quebec 'Healthy Enterprise' standard: considering readiness for change and psychosocial safety climate. Corporate Wellness Programs: Linking Employee And Organizational Health, 120-144.
Corbett D 2004. Excellence in Canada: Healthy organizations - Achieve results by acting responsibly. Journal of Business Ethics. 55(2).
Di Fabio A 2017. Positive Healthy Organizations: Promoting Well-Being, Meaningfulness, and Sustainability in Organizations. Frontiers In Psychology, 8(1).
Donaldson S, Lee J, Donaldson S 2019. Evaluating positive psychology interventions at work: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Appl. Posit. Psychol. 4, 113–134.
Donaldson S, Chan L, Villalobos J, Chen C 2020. The Generalizability of HERO across 15 Nations: Positive Psychological Capital (PsyCap) beyond the US and Other WEIRD Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17, 9432.
Ganga-Contreras F, Acuña-Hormazábal A, Ceballos-Garrido P, Pons-Peregort O, Araya-Castillo L 2022. Perception of Healthy Organizational Practices of Workers in the Chilean Educational Sector and Impact on Their Levels of Engagement and Burnout. Sustainability. 14(20):13671.
Ganga-Contreras F, Quiroz J, Fossatti P 2016. Análisis sincrónico de la gobernanza universitaria: una mirada teórica a los años sesenta y setenta. Educación y Pesquiza. 42(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-9702201608135289
Ganga-Contreras F, Suárez-Amaya W, Ignacio-Calderón A, Wandercil da Silva M and Susana Jung H 2019. Retos a La Gobernanza Universitaria: Acotaciones Sobre La Cuestión De La Autoridad Y La Profesionalización De La Gestión De Las Universidades. Fronteras: Revista de Ciencias Sociales, Tecnológicas y Ambientales 8 (3): 435-456. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2019v8i3.p435-456.
Ganga-Contreras F, Nuñez-Mascayano O 2018. Gobernanza de las organizaciones: Acercamiento conceptual a las instituciones de Educación Superior. Revista Espacios, 39(17), 9. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n17/18391709.html
García-Arroyo J, Segovia A 2018. Effect sizes and cut-off points: A meta-analytical review of burnout in Latin American countries. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 23(9), 1079–1093. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2018.1469780
Giménez-Espert M, Prado-Gascó V, Soto-Rubio A 2020. Psychosocial Risks, Work Engagement, and Job Satisfaction of Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health. 8: 566896. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.566896
Gittell J, Cameron K, Lim S, Rivas V 2006. Relationships, layoffs and organizational resilience: Airline industry responses to September 11. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 42, 300–329. doi:10.1177/0021886306286466
Klebnikov P, Moukheiber Z 1998. A healthy business. Forbes. 162(6).
Lavoie-Tremblay M 2004. Creating a healthy workplace - A participatory organizational intervention. Journal of Nursing Administration. 34(10).
Lima C, De Medeiros Carvalho P, Lima I, Nunes J, Saraiva J, De Souza R, Da Silva C, Neto M 2020. The emotional impact of coronavirus 2019-Ncov (New Coronavirus Disease). Psychiatry Research, 287, 112915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915
Lorenzo A, Diaz K, Zaldivar D 2020. La psicología como ciencia en el afrontamiento a la COVID-19: apuntes generales. Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, 10(2), 1 -17.
Lyubomirsky S, King L, Diener E 2005. The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855. doi:10.1037/ 0033-2909.131.6.803
Macky K, Boxall P 2007. The relationship between « high-performance work practices » and employee attitudes: an investigation of additive and interaction effects. The International Journal of Human Resource Managemnt, 18(4), 537-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190601178745
Maslach C, Jackson S 1981. The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2, 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
Maslach C, Jackson S, Leiter M 1986. Maslach burnout inventory (Vol. 21, pp. 3463-3464). Palo Alto: Consulting psychologists press.
Mendoza-Llanos R, Acuña-Hormazábal A, Pons-Peregort O 2022. We Need Engaged Workers! A Structural Equation Modeling Study from the Positive Organizational Psychology in Times of COVID-19 in Chile. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13) 7700. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137700
Mendoza-Llanos R y Moyano-Díaz E 2019. Hacia la validación del SUSESO ISTAS 21 versión breve en trabajadores de hospitales públicos. Terapia Psicológica, 37(1), 15–23.
Meseguer de Pedro M, Fernández-Valera M, García-Izquierdo M, Soler Sánchez M 2021. Burnout, Psychological Capital and Health during COVID-19 Social Isolation: A Longitudinal Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(3):1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031064
Moreno-Jiménez B, Rodríguez-Carvajal, R, Escobar E 2001. La evaluación del burnout profesional. Factorializacion del MBI-GS. Un análisis preliminar. Ansiedad y Estrés. 7(1), 69-78
Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Losifidis C, Agha M, Agha R 2020. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International journal of surgery), 78, 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
Pressley T 2021. Factors Contributing to Teacher Burnout During COVID-19. Educational Researcher. March. doi:10.3102/0013189X211004138
Saari T, Melin H, Balabonova E, Efendiev A 2017. The job demands and resources as antecedents of work engagement Comparative research on Finland and Russia. Baltic Journal of Management, 12(2), 240–254. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-05-2016-0112
Salanova M, Llorens S, Cifre E, Martínez I 2012. We Need a Hero! Toward a Validation of the Healthy and Resilient Organization (HERO) Model. Group & Organization Management, 37(6), 785–822. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601112470405
Salanova M, Llorens S 2016. Hacia una psicología positiva aplicada. Papeles del psicólogo, 37(3), 161-164
Salanova M, Llorens S, Martínez I 2016. Aportaciones desde la Psicología Organizacional Positiva para desarrollar Organizaciones Saludables y Resilientes. Papeles del Psicólogo, 37(3), 177-184.
Salanova M, Llorens S, Martínez I 2019. Organizaciones Saludables. Una mirada desde la psicología positiva. Pamplona: Thomson Reuters Aranzadi.
Salanova M 2020. How to survive COVID-19? Notes from organisational resilience (¿Cómo sobrevivir al COVID-19? Apuntes desde la resiliencia organizacional), International Journal of Social Psychology, 35:3, 670-676, DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2020.1795397
Salazar-Botello CM, Muñoz-Jara Y, Viancos-González P, Parra-Ulloa P, & Rojas-Carrasco R 2022. Disposición al Cambio en Establecimientos Educacionales de una Comuna de la Zona Central de Chile: La Mirada de Directivos y Profesores. Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, 11(1): 194-205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2022v11i1.p194-205
Segura-Camacho A, García-Orozco J, Topa G. 2018. Sustainable and Healthy Organizations Promote Employee Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Strategies. Sustainability. 10(10).
Seligman M, Csikszentmihalyi M. 2000. Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Seligman M, Csikszentmihalyi M 2014. Positive Psychology: An Introduction. In: Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology (pp. 279-298). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_18
Schaufeli W, Martínez I, Pinto A, Salanova M, Bakker A 2002. Burnout and Engagement in University Students: A Cross-National Study. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003
Schaufeli W, Leiter M, Maslach C 2009. Burnout: 35 years of research andpractice. Career Development International, 14(3), 204-220. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910966406
Solares J, Peñalver J, Meneghel I, Salanova M 2016. Desarrollando Equipos Empáticos: La influencia de las prácticas organizacionales saludables en la empatía colectiva. Revista de Psicología (Arequipa), 6(1), 51-63. ISSN: 2306-0565
Tarride I, Zamorano R, Varela S, Gonzalez M 2008. Healthy organizations: toward a diagnostic method. Kybernetes. 37(8).
Wang C, Horby P, Hayden F, Gao G 2020a. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre R, Choo F, Tran B, Ho R, Sharma V, Ho C 2020b. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, and Inmunity, 87, 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028
Wright P, McMahan C 1992. Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18, 295- 320.
Zhang S, Wang Y, Rauch A y Wei F 2020. Unprecedented disruption of live and work: Health, distress and life satisfaction of working adults in China one month into the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112958
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2022-12-30
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ACUñA-HORMAZABAL, Alvaro; MENDOZA-LLANOS, Rodolfo; LUENGO-MARTÍNEZ, Carolina; GANGA-CONTRERAS, Francisco. Governance and Healthy Organizational Practices of Three Schools in Chile and their Impact on Employee Engagement and Burnout. Fronteiras - Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 4, p. 224–235, 2022. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2022v11i4.p224-235. Disponível em: https://revistas2.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/6551. Acesso em: 18 may. 2024.
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