The Management of Water Resources in a Disputed Border: The Case of Gazivoda Reservoir (Kosovo)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2019v8i1.p319-340Palavras-chave:
Recursos Hídricos Compartilhados, Cooperação Transfronteiriça, Fronteira em DisputaResumo
Este trabalho pretende estudar a importância de uma boa gestão do reservatório de Gazivoda. Na região instável dos Balcãs, a água é considerada um recurso estratégico. Atravessando a fronteira disputada entre o Kosovo e a Sérvia, a água de Gazivoda desempenha um papel importante nas economias e no abastecimento de água em ambos os países. O desejo de controlar Gazivoda pode interromper a relação que o Kosovo e a Sérvia relatam. Reclamações de minorias étnicas de sérvios no Kosovo, e os albaneses na Sérvia podem representar riscos para as fronteiras atuais. As fronteiras precisam ser respeitadas para alcançar a estabilidade. Modelos estrangeiros de cooperação podem ser seguidos para alcançar uma boa gestão bem sucedida para a sociedade em ambos os lados da fronteira.
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Bieber F 2015. The Serbia-Kosovo Agreements: An EU success story? Review of Central and East European Law 40:285-319.
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Duda A, El-Ashry M 2000. Addressing the global water and environment crises through integrated approaches to the management of land, water and ecological resources. Water International 25(1):115-126.
Elhance AP 1999. Hydropolitics in the third world. Conflict and cooperation in international river basins. Institute of Peace Press, Washington DC, 300 pp.
Gallucci G 2011. The Ahtisaari Plan and North Kosovo. Transconflict [updated 2011 Nov; cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: http://transconflict.com/10/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/PolicyPaper_ AhtisaariPlanNorthKosovo.pdf.
GIZ (Deutsche Gessellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit) 2012. Feasibility Study. Strengthening Regional Cooperation / Networking in the Forestry and Water Management Sector and Sustainable Development in the River Basins of the South-Eastern European Countries. Final Report, On behalf on Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development of Germany (BMZ), Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group (SWG RRD) [cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: http://edepot.wur.nl/215459.
Gleick P. (Ed.) 1993. Water in crisis: A guide to the world’s fresh water resources. Oxford University Press, New York, 498 pp.
Gonen A, Zeitouni N 2008. Using risk management to increase the flexibility of transboundary water conflict resolutions. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management 10(4):373-385.
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Kitanics M, Pap N 2012. Las relaciones geopolíticas de las áreas albanesas. HAOL 27:103-116.
Korca B 2006. Case study on the right to water sanitation in Kosovo. In S Hoffmann, The implementation of the right to water and sanitation in Central and Eastern Europe, Solidarité Eau Europe, p. 2-16.
Kucukmehmetoglu M 2009. A game theoretic approach to assess the impacts of major investments on transboundary water resources: the case of the Euphrates and Tigris. Water Resources Management 23:3069-3099.
Meierding E 2016. Dismantling the Oil Wars Myth. Security Studies 25:258-288.
MESP & KEPA (Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning & Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency) 2010. Report: The state of water in Kosovo, Agjencia e Kosoves per Mbrojtjen e Mjedisit.
OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe - Mission in Kosovo) 2008. Water supply issues in Kosovo, United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK).
Postel S 2000. Entering an era of water scarcity: the challenges ahead. Ecological Applications 10:941-948.
Seckler D, Barker R, Amarasinghe U 1999. Water scarcity in the twenty-first century. International Journal of Water Resources Development 15:29-42.
Sneddon CH, Fox C 2006. Rethinking transboundary waters: A critical hydropolitics of the Mekong basin. Political Geography 25:181-202.
SRFY 1946. Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Szmolka I, De Cueto C 2011. Objeto y método de la política comparada, Universidad de Granada, Granada.
Toset HPW, Gleditsch NR, Hegre H 2000. Shared rivers and interstate conflict. Political geography 19:971-996.
Tumbovska K 2011. Water resources management in the Western Balkan region (Case study of Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo and Montenegro, Global Institute for Water, Environment and Health (GIWEH).
USAID & UNDP (United States Agency for International Development & United National Development Programme) 2012. Kosovo Mosaic 2012: Overview of perceptions on public services and local authorities [cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: http://lr.undp.org/content/dam/kosovo/docs/Mozaik/Kosovo_Mosaic_2012_Eng_735317.pdf
WBG (World Bank Group) 2015. Water and wastewater services in the Danube Region: Kosovo country note, World Bank Group, International Association of Water Supply Companies in the Danube River Catchment Area, Danube Water Program.
WSRA (Water Services Regulatory Authority) 2016. Annual performance report for water service providers in Kosovo, in 2015.
WWC (World Water Council) 2007. The right to water in Kosovo, World Water Council.
Zejnullahi V 2015. Albanians in Presevo Valley and their national rights. European Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2(1):89-94.
Abdullahu I, Kërpaçi A 2015. Water loss reduction-experiences and practices. Journal of Earth Sciences 1:55-68.
Avdullahi S, Fejza I, Syla A 2008. Water resources in Kosova. Journal International Environmental Application & Science 3(3):51-56.
Avdullahi S, Fejza I, Tmava A, Rama M, Hetemi M 2013. Assessment of heavy metal in the water springs, Stan Terg, Kosovo. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2(4):12-17.
Baudry F 2012. Water security for Central Kosovo. SCE Amenagement & Environment, Office International de l’eau, 211 pp.
Beha A 2015. Disputes over the 15-Point Agreement on Normalization of Relations between Kosovo and Serbia. Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity 43(1):102-121.
Bieber F 2015. The Serbia-Kosovo Agreements: An EU success story? Review of Central and East European Law 40:285-319.
Brussels Agreement 2013. First Agreement of Principles Governing the Normalization of Relations;
Del Valle J 2015. Water as a strategic resource: international cooperation in shared basins and geowater. Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos 5:1-52.
Duda A, El-Ashry M 2000. Addressing the global water and environment crises through integrated approaches to the management of land, water and ecological resources. Water International 25(1):115-126.
Elhance AP 1999. Hydropolitics in the third world. Conflict and cooperation in international river basins. Institute of Peace Press, Washington DC, 300 pp.
Gallucci G 2011. The Ahtisaari Plan and North Kosovo. Transconflict [updated 2011 Nov; cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: http://transconflict.com/10/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/PolicyPaper_ AhtisaariPlanNorthKosovo.pdf.
GIZ (Deutsche Gessellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit) 2012. Feasibility Study. Strengthening Regional Cooperation / Networking in the Forestry and Water Management Sector and Sustainable Development in the River Basins of the South-Eastern European Countries. Final Report, On behalf on Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development of Germany (BMZ), Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group (SWG RRD) [cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: http://edepot.wur.nl/215459.
Gleick P. (Ed.) 1993. Water in crisis: A guide to the world’s fresh water resources. Oxford University Press, New York, 498 pp.
Gonen A, Zeitouni N 2008. Using risk management to increase the flexibility of transboundary water conflict resolutions. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management 10(4):373-385.
Gonen A, Zeitouni N 2010. Risk management of water resources in a changing climate. In G Nota, Advances in risk management, InTech, p. 199-222 [cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/11560.pdf.
Government of Kosovo. Kosovo National Water Strategy 2015-2034. [cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: http://kryeministri-ks.net/tfu/repository/docs/Kosovo_Water_Strategy_-_Version_2_95a.pdf.
Huszka B 2007. The Presevo Valley of Southern Serbia alongside Kosovo: The case for Decentralisation and Minority Protection. Centre for European Policy Studies 120:1-10.
ICG (International Crisis Group) 2006. Southern Serbia: In Kosovo’s Shadow. Policy Briefing 43, Belgrade/Pristina/Brussels, 27 June, p. 3.
ICJ (International Court of Justice) 2010. Accordance with international Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo (Request for Advisory Opinion), 22 July.
Independent Balkan News Agency: Association of Serb Communes held to ransom by parallel structures in the North [updated 2016 Oct 11; cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: http://balkaneu.com/association-serb-communes-held-ransom-parallel-structures-north/
Islami H, Ejupi A 2015. Popullsia dhe vendbanimet shqiptare të luginës së Preshevës (Albanian Population and settlements of the Presheva Valley: present situation and trends), Kosova Academy of Sciences andArts, Special Editions CXLVI. Section of Social Sciences, Book 50, Prishtina, Kosovo, 639 pp.
Jägerskog A, Zeitoun M 2009. Getting transboundary water right: theory and practice for effective cooperation. Report nr. 25, Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), 30 pp.
KAS (Kosovo Agency of Statistics) 2016. Kosovo Water Statistics 2015, Kosovo Agency of Statistics.
KASA (Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts) 2013. Kosova. A monographic survey, Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts, Prishtina, 507 pp.
Kitanics M, Pap N 2012. Las relaciones geopolíticas de las áreas albanesas. HAOL 27:103-116.
Korca B 2006. Case study on the right to water sanitation in Kosovo. In S Hoffmann, The implementation of the right to water and sanitation in Central and Eastern Europe, Solidarité Eau Europe, p. 2-16.
Kucukmehmetoglu M 2009. A game theoretic approach to assess the impacts of major investments on transboundary water resources: the case of the Euphrates and Tigris. Water Resources Management 23:3069-3099.
Meierding E 2016. Dismantling the Oil Wars Myth. Security Studies 25:258-288.
MESP & KEPA (Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning & Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency) 2010. Report: The state of water in Kosovo, Agjencia e Kosoves per Mbrojtjen e Mjedisit.
OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe - Mission in Kosovo) 2008. Water supply issues in Kosovo, United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK).
Postel S 2000. Entering an era of water scarcity: the challenges ahead. Ecological Applications 10:941-948.
Seckler D, Barker R, Amarasinghe U 1999. Water scarcity in the twenty-first century. International Journal of Water Resources Development 15:29-42.
Sneddon CH, Fox C 2006. Rethinking transboundary waters: A critical hydropolitics of the Mekong basin. Political Geography 25:181-202.
SRFY 1946. Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Szmolka I, De Cueto C 2011. Objeto y método de la política comparada, Universidad de Granada, Granada.
Toset HPW, Gleditsch NR, Hegre H 2000. Shared rivers and interstate conflict. Political geography 19:971-996.
Tumbovska K 2011. Water resources management in the Western Balkan region (Case study of Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo and Montenegro, Global Institute for Water, Environment and Health (GIWEH).
USAID & UNDP (United States Agency for International Development & United National Development Programme) 2012. Kosovo Mosaic 2012: Overview of perceptions on public services and local authorities [cited 2017 Nov 2]. Available from: http://lr.undp.org/content/dam/kosovo/docs/Mozaik/Kosovo_Mosaic_2012_Eng_735317.pdf
WBG (World Bank Group) 2015. Water and wastewater services in the Danube Region: Kosovo country note, World Bank Group, International Association of Water Supply Companies in the Danube River Catchment Area, Danube Water Program.
WSRA (Water Services Regulatory Authority) 2016. Annual performance report for water service providers in Kosovo, in 2015.
WWC (World Water Council) 2007. The right to water in Kosovo, World Water Council.
Zejnullahi V 2015. Albanians in Presevo Valley and their national rights. European Journal of Language and Literature Studies 2(1):89-94.
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2019-02-22
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BERNABÉ-CRESPO, Miguel Borja; PEñA-RAMOS, José Antonio. The Management of Water Resources in a Disputed Border: The Case of Gazivoda Reservoir (Kosovo). Fronteira: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 319–340, 2019. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2019v8i1.p319-340. Disponível em: https://revistas2.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/2561. Acesso em: 26 dez. 2024.
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